Base functions are a set of functions in the R programming language that are included in the base package, which is automatically installed and loaded when the R problem executes. These functions provide a wide range of functionality, including mathematical operations, statistical functions, data manipulation, and input/output operations.
In this article, I will explain some R base functions from the R Programming Language.
R Mathematical Functions
R Base Package has a wide range of built-in mathematical functions that can be used to perform various types of mathematical operations, such as arithmetic, algebraic, trigonometric, and statistical functions.
The R Arithmetic operations are +, -, *, /, ^, %/%, %% and below are some algebraic functions.
| R Mathematical Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| abs() | Calculate the absolute value of a numeric vector. |
| sqrt() | Calculate the square root of a numeric vector. |
| round() | Calculate the round of a numeric vector. |
| ceiling() | Round numbers up to the nearest integer. |
| floor() | Round numeric values to the nearest integer. |
| sign() | Returns -1 for negative values, Returns 1 for positive values, And 0 for zero. |
| exp() | Calculate the exponential value of a numeric vector. |
| log(), log10() | Calculate the natural logarithm of a numeric vector. |
These are just a few examples, and there are many more mathematical functions available in R. You can find a complete list of mathematical functions in the R documentation or by typing help(math) in the R console.
R Statistical functions
R also has a wide range of built-in statistical functions that can be used to perform various types of statistical analyses, such as computing descriptive statistics, testing hypotheses, and fitting statistical models.
Besides R base functions, you can also use specialized packages in R, such as the stats package, to access additional statistical functions.
Here are some examples of common statistical functions in R.
| R Statistical functions | Description |
|---|---|
| mean() | |
| median() | |
| mode() | |
| sd() | |
| var() | |
| quantile() | |
| range() | |
| max() | |
| min() | |
| sum() | |
| prod() |
You can find a complete list of statistical functions in the R documentation or by typing help(stats) in the R console.
R Input / Output Functions
| R Input/Output Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| read.csv() | |
| read.table() | |
| write.csv() | |
| write.table() | |
| cat() | |
| scan() | |
| readLines() | |
| paste() | |
| format() | |
| print(), sprintf(), print() | |
| source() |
Data Manipulation
These data manipulation functions are pretty much used with Data Frames, Vectors, Lists, Matrices, and other R objects.
| Base Functions | Description |
|---|---|
| with() | |
| within() | |
| head() | |
| tail() | |
| sort() | |
| order() | |
| unique() | |
| duplicated() | |
| which() | |
| match() | |
| table() | |
| length() | |
| nrow() | |
| ncol() | |
| attributes() | |
| summary() | |
| names() | |
| is.na() | |
| is.nan() | |
| is.integer() | |
| is.numeric() | |
| is.complex() | |
| is.character() | |
| is.logical() | |
| is.matrix() | |
| is.array() | |
| is.null() | |
| is.data.frame() | |
| is.vector() | |
| is.list() | |
| is.recursive() |
Conclusion
In this article, you have learned different R base package functions. Functions from the R base package are automatically installed and available to use by default. These functions provide a wide range of functionality, including mathematical operations, statistical functions, data manipulation, and input/output operation
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