Combine Two or Multiple Vectors in R

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To append two or more vectors into a single list or combine multiple vectors in R, you can use either the combine function c() or append() function. In this article, I will explain examples of using these two methods to combine multiple vectors in R.

Let’s create the three character vectors to use, I will define them as vec1, vec2, and vec3.


# Create vectors to append
vec1 = c('sai','ram','deepika','sahithi')
vec2 = c('kumar','scott','Don','Lin')
vec3 = c('Ram','Denis') 

1. R Combine Two Vectors using c()

By using combine function c() you can append two vectors into a single vector in R. This function takes two vectors as an argument and returns the combined vector. The following example combines the elements from vec1 and vec2 objects into a single vector vec4.

Here c() is a combined function from the base package that can be used to combine lists, vectors, and other objects. These base functions are default available with the R installation and automatically loaded to the program.


# combine two vectors
vec4 <- c(vec1,vec2)
print(vec4)

Yields below output.

r append vectors

2. Combine Two Vectors using append()

Alternatively, you can also use append() to get two vectors into a single vector in R. This function also takes two vectors as an argument and returns the combined vector.


# combine two vectors
vec4 <- append(vec1,vec2)
print(vec4)

Yields the same output as above.

3. Combine Multiple Vectors using append()

Finally by using the append() let’s combine multiple vectors into a single vector in R. The below examples combine elements from vec1, vec2 and vec3 into a single vector vec4.


# combine multiple vectors
vec4 <- c(vec1,vec2,vec3)
print(vec4)

vec4 <- append(vec1,vec2,vec3)
print(vec4)

Yields below output.

r combine vectors

4. Complete Example

Following is a complete example of appending two or multiple vectors.


# create vectors
vec1 = c('sai','ram','deepika','sahithi')
vec2 = c('kumar','scott','Don','Lin')
vec3 = c('Ram','Denis') 

# combine two vectors
vec4 <- c(vec1,vec2)
print(vec4)

# combine two vectors
vec4 <- append(vec1,vec2)
print(vec4)

# combine multiple vectors
vec4 <- c(vec1,vec2,vec3)
print(vec4)

vec4 <- append(vec1,vec2,vec3)
print(vec4)

5. Conclusion

In this article, you have learned how to append two vectors into a single vector using the R c() combine function and append() function from R base package.

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Naveen (NNK)

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