F-strings in Python

F-strings, also known as “formatted string literals”, were introduced in Python 3.6 as a way to simplify string formatting. F-strings allow you to embed expressions inside string literals, using curly braces {} to enclose the expressions. These expressions are evaluated at runtime and formatted using the format specification language, which is similar to the format strings used with the str.format() method. F-strings provide a concise and readable way to embed variables and expressions within strings.

1. Quick Examples of F-strings

If you are in a hurry, below are some quick examples of f-strings.


# Quick examples of f-strings

from datetime import datetime

# Example 1: Variable using f-strings
variable = 20
formatted_string = f"The value of the variable is {variable}"

# Example 2: Variable names using f-strings
language = "Python"
tutorial = "SparkByExamples"
formatted_string = f"I'm learning {language} from {tutorial}."

# Example 3: Mathematical operations using f-strings
# Multiplication
num1 = 35
num2 = 6
formatted_string = f"The product of {num1} and {num2} is {num1 * num2}"

# Example 4: F-strings using addition
num1 = 35
num2 = 6
formatted_string = f"The sum of {num1} and {num2} is {num1 + num2}"

# Example 5: Formatting the date using f-strings
current_date_time = datetime.now()
formatted_date = f"Formatted Date: {current_date_time:%Y-%m-%d}"

# Example 6: Formatting both date and time
formatted_datetime = f"Formatted Date and Time: {current_date_time:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}"

# Example 7: Format with a specific number of decimal places
pi = 3.141592653589793
formatted_pi = f"Formatted Pi: {pi:.2f}"  

# Example 8: Format hexadecimal
number = 27
formatted_hexadecimal = f"Hexadecimal: {number:x}"  

# Example 9: Syntax error in f-string
name = "Alice"
age = 12
formatted_string = f"My name is {name and I am {age} years old."

2. String Interpolation Using F-strings

F-strings in Python allow for easy string interpolation, where expressions inside curly braces {} are evaluated and replaced with their values in the resulting string. This makes it convenient to construct strings with embedded variables or expressions.

You can define a variable variable with a value of 20 and then use an f-string to create a formatted string where the value of the variable is embedded within the string.


# Defining variable
variable = 20

# Variable using f-strings
formatted_string = f"The value of the variable is {variable}"
print(formatted_string)

Yields below output.

It defines two variables, language and tutorial, and then uses an f-string to create a formatted string where the values of these variables are included. F-strings are a concise and convenient way to embed expressions inside string literals in Python.

In the below example, the variables language and tutorial are included directly within the f-string, allowing you to create a formatted string with the values of these variables.


# Defining variables
language = "Python"
tutorial = "SparkByExamples"

# Variable names using f-strings
formatted_string = f"I'm learning {language} from {tutorial}."
print(formatted_string)

Yields below output.

3. Mathematical Operations Using F-strings

You can define two variables num1 and num2, multiply them, and then use an f-string to create a formatted string where the product of the two numbers is included.


# Defining variables
num1 = 35
num2 = 6

# Mathematical operations using f-strings
# Multiplication
formatted_string = f"The product of {num1} and {num2} is {num1 * num2}"
print(formatted_string)

# Output:
# The product of 35 and 6 is 210

To define two variables num1 and num2, add them, and then use an f-string to create a formatted string where the sum of the two numbers is included.


# Defining variables
num1 = 35
num2 = 6

# F-strings using addition
formatted_string = f"The sum of {num1} and {num2} is {num1 + num2}"
print(formatted_string)

# Output:
# The sum of 35 and 6 is 41

4. Date Formatting Using F-strings

You can format dates using f-strings in Python. You can use the strftime method from the datetime module to format dates and times as strings according to a specified format.

In the below example, It imports the datetime class from the datetime module, gets the current date and time using datetime.now(), and then uses an f-string to format the date as a string in the format YYYY-MM-DD. When you run this code, it will output the current date in the specified format.


from datetime import datetime

# Formatting the date using f-strings
current_date_time = datetime.now()
formatted_date = f"Formatted Date: {current_date_time:%Y-%m-%d}"
print(formatted_date)

# Output 
# Formatted Date: 2023-10-12

# Formatting both date and time
formatted_datetime = f"Formatted Date and Time: {current_date_time:%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S}"
print(formatted_datetime)

# Output
# Formatted Date and Time: 2023-10-12 10:17:05

5. Number Formatting Using F-strings

You can format numbers using f-strings in Python. You can specify the format within the curly braces of an f-string to control how numbers are displayed.

In the first example, It defines a floating-point number pi, and uses an f-string to format it with two decimal places. The :.2f inside of the curly braces {} specifies that the floating-point number pi should be formatted with two decimal places. The second example :10.4f specifies a width of 10 characters and 4 decimal places for the floating-point number.


# Define a floating-point number
pi = 3.141592653589793

# Format with a specific number of decimal places
formatted_pi = f"Formatted Pi: {pi:.2f}"  
print(formatted_pi)  

# Output: 
# Formatted Pi: 3.14

# Format with a specific width and precision
formatted_number = f"Formatted Number: {pi:10.4f}"  
print(formatted_number)

# Output 
# Formatted Number:     3.1416

Similarly, you can define an integer number and use an f-string to format it as a hexadecimal number. In this case, :x the curly braces {} specify that the integer number should be formatted as a hexadecimal number


# Define an integer
number = 27

# Format hexadecimal
formatted_hexadecimal = f"Hexadecimal: {number:x}"  
print(formatted_hexadecimal)  

# Output: 
# Hexadecimal: 1b

6. Demonstrating Syntax Error

Let’s demonstrate a syntax error involving f-strings. For instance, there is a syntax error in the f-string. The curly braces are not properly closed, causing a syntax error. When you try to run this code, you will get a SyntaxError similar to the following.


# Defining variables
name = "Alice"
age = 12

# Syntax error in f-string
formatted_string = f"My name is {name and I am {age} years old."
print(formatted_string)

# Output:
# SyntaxError: f-string: expecting '}'

Conclusion

In this article, I have explained f-strings in Python by using string interpolation, mathematical operations, date formatting, and number formatting with examples.

Happy Learning !!